Masséna, André

(1756-1817)

   marshal of France

   Born in Nice, André Masséna was a cabin boy on a ship when he joined the French army in 1775, rising to the rank of general during the revolution of 1789. He distinguished himself during the campaigns in italy, notably at the battle of Rivoli (1797). napoléon i called him "the beloved child of Victory." General Masséna fought in the battle of Zurich against the Austrians and Russians (September 25, 1799) and helped to prevent an allied invasion of France. In 1800, immobilizing the Austrians near Genoa, he allowed Napoléon to enter italy and win the victory of Marengo. Made a marshal in 1804, Masséna conquered the kingdom of Naples (1806) and was made the duke of Rivoli (1808). He distinguished himself in the Battles of Essling and Wagram, and was made prince of Wagram by Napoléon (1810), who gave him the command of the army in Portugal (April 1810). But he was pushed back by the British line at Torres Vedras and had to retreat from the region (March 1811). In 1814, Marshal Masséna went over to the Bourbons. He left his Mémoires.